Pivot rows to columns in Hive

Hello everyone. In this article, we will learn how can we pivot rows to columns in the Hive.

Pivoting/transposing means we need to convert a row into columns. We need to do this to show a different view of data, to show aggregation performed on different granularity than which is present in the existing table.

Consider you have the following data from some company. It shows how much money they spent on each resource in each quarter for some projects in that company.

pivot data in hive - sample data

From this table, you want to show data like this.

pivot data in hive - final output after pivot

We will see how we can use CASE statements and COLLECT_SET to get these results from an existing table.

Step I – Using Case statments

First, we can use case statements to transpose required rows to columns.

This query will you give you result in the following way.

pivot data in hive - output after case when query

We can see that there are null values and each resource is having multiple records. This is expected as we have not grouped this on resource id yet and for each resource, there may not be an entry for each quarter.

Step II – Aggregating Data with COLLECT_SET

In this step, we will use COLLECT_SET and group records on basic of resource id to get the desired result.

pivot data in hive - step 2 output

This is almost like our desired result.

Step III – Transposing Result with Another Case Statement

We can prettify our results in step two by modifying our query with CASE statements. This step is optional and it depends on in what form do you want to achieve your final results.

This will be our output.

pivot data in hive - final output

AS we can see, by using CASE and COLLECT_SET we can easily convert / pivot rows into columns in Hive.

You can learn more about COLLECT_SET in Hive at COLLECT_SET AND COLLECT_LIST IN HIVE

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